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September 24th, 2014.
2014年9月24日

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A calm morning in Bengaluru
班加罗尔的早晨平静如常

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belies the fact
掩盖了

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this is the moment of truth
背后的紧张刺激

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for one of India's 
most daring missions.
印度最冒险的任务

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Its first interplanetary journey 
to Mars.
第一次赶往火星的星际任务

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In the Mission Control Room,
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
在任务控制室里，印度总理Narendra Modi

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is intently watching 
history unfold before his eyes.
正在全神贯注地守望着历史的时刻

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India's Space Research
 Organisation's top bosses
印度的空间研究组织的高层领导

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K. Radhakrishnan 
and A. S. Kiran Kumar
K. Radhakrishnan和A. S. Kiran Kumar

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calmly monitor the progress
of the mission.
冷静地监视任务的进展

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For the automatic operation 
of the Mars Orbiter Mission.
说到自主完成火星轨道器任务

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Nobody believed 
that India actually would be able
没有人认为印度有足够能力

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to do this mission.
能够成功完成

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Or, that it could soon become 
the first country in the world
也许很快就会变成世界上第一个国家

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to reach the elusive Red Planet
到达神秘的红色星球

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in its very first attempt.
第一次尝试就成功

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But what makes
 this nail-biting moment
但是什么使这个紧张的时刻
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even more dramatic
更有戏剧性

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is the fact that during
 the crucial period of insertion
事实上在入轨的关键时期

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into the Martian orbit
到达火星的时候

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the spacecraft Mangalyaan 
will move behind Mars
火星探测器“曼加里安”正好在火星背面

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out of line of sight with Earth
在地球的可视范围之外

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cutting off all communication 
with the mission team.
断绝了与任务组的一切通信联系

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The tension
in the Mission Control Room
任务控制室的紧张气氛

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is palpable.
相当明显

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300 days
300天

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over 650 million kilometres
超过6.5亿千米的距离

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and it all comes down to this.
到了决定性的时刻

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Will India's Mars orbiter,
or Mangalyaan
印度的火星环绕器，或者“曼加里安”号

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successfully enter 
the Martian orbit?
能成功入轨吗？

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Bengaluru, in southern India
在印度南部的班加罗尔

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a hotbed for science
and innovation.
是科技创新的温床

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India's Silicon Valley.
印度的硅谷

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It is also India's space city
也是印度的空间科技之城

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with many of India's 
space centres located here.
印度的很多空间机构位于这里

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India's adventure to Mars
 began in 2012
印度的火星任务自2012年开始

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when Indian space scientists 
put forward
印度的空间科学家提出

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an ambitious plan 
to send an orbiter to Mars.
雄心勃勃的计划，把一个轨道探测器送到火星

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This would be India's 
first interplanetary journey.
印度的第一次星际任务

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And if successful
如果能成功

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it would be the 4th space agency 
in the world
就将是第四个机构

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and the first Asian country 
to reach Mars.
也是亚洲第一个到达火星的

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I see a 21st Century 
Asian space race
我看到了21世纪亚洲太空竞赛

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happening between India and China
 on many fronts.
印度和中国之间在空间领域

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And India got an opportunity
印度有了机会

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to go ahead of China
领先中国

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at least in reaching Mars
更早到达火星

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when in 2011,
the Chinese mission failed.
2011年的中国火星任务失败了

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So, there was a small window
正好有一个短暂的窗口期

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in which India could race ahead.
印度可以超过中国

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So, in 2013,
India put their plan into action
所以，2013年印度开始实施计划

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to send an orbiter to Mars.
发射火星轨道探测器

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ISRO scientists chose the PSLV
ISRO的科学家选用PSLV运载火箭

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as a launch vehicle
发射任务

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as it is one of India's
most reliable rockets.
因为它是印度最可靠的火箭

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The PSLV-C25 stands at a height
PSLV-C25竖立起来

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of a 15-storey building
有15层楼那么高

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but even with this 
magnificent size
但就是这么大的火箭

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it was not powerful enough 
to send Mangalyaan
也不够把“曼加里安”一次送上

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directly on a path to Mars.
去火星的转移轨道

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What they really needed 
was a powerful rocket
他们需要的是一款强大的火箭

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that would throw the spacecraft
能够把探测器推出

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out of Earth's 
sphere of influence
地球的引力影响范围之外

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and directly on a path
 towards Mars.
直接去火星转移轨道

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That more powerful rocket 
was the GSLV.
更强大的火箭是GSLV运载火箭

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The only catch was, in India
但关键的是，在印度

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it was still under development 
and being tested.
GSLV仍然需要调整和验证

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But scientists couldn't afford 
to delay this mission.
但是科学家们可不想推迟火星任务

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V. Adimurthy,
who evaluated India's ability
V. Adimurthy，分析了印度面对的情况

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to journey to Mars, explains why.
解释了为什么不能推迟

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This is a model 
of Earth, Mars and the Sun.
这是一个模型，地球、火星和太阳

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And as you know
你知道

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the planets are moving 
around the Sun
行星都围绕着太阳转

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in different speeds.
速度不同

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And complex calculations 
have shown
通过烧脑的计算已经得出

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that for us to go
 from Earth to Mars
从地球到火星的转移轨道

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a rendezvous date can be 
24th September, 2014.
与火星的会合日期在2014年9月24日

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And if we missed this date
如果我们错过了这个日期

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the next opportunity will come
 26 months later.
下一次发射窗口在26个月之后

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We decided that we plunge in 
for this date
我们决定在时间节点之前冲刺完成

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and go for the rendezvous with Mars
去与火星会合

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on 24th September, 2014.
就在2014年9月24日

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This meant that
这意味着

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Mangalyaan has to start 
from Earth's Orbit
“曼加里安”要从地球轨道

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on a precise date
在准确的日期出发

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and go towards
 its journey towards Mars
踏上去火星的旅途

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and reach Mars Orbit
到达火星轨道

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on 24th September, 2014.
2014年9月24日

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Mars will be there
 for the rendezvous at that time
那时火星正好在合适的位置

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when Mangalyaan reaches there.
与“曼加里安”在那里会合

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If we start too early
如果我们出发得太早

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then Mangalyaan
 will be ahead of Mars
“曼加里安”就会超过火星

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and if we start too late
如果我们出发得太晚

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Mangalyaan will be behind Mars
“曼加里安”就会落后于火星

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and both would be
 failed fly-by missions.
任务都会失败，变成飞掠火星

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Mangalyaan had to be launched 
within this crucial window.
“曼加里安”必须在这个关键的时间发射

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And so it was back to the PSLV
所以只能回到PSLV火箭

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and the ISRO scientists 
who had to come up
ISRO科学家们必须提出

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with an innovative flight plan.
创造性的空间轨道设计

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If we are able to have
如果我们能有

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a novel mission design
新颖的任务设计

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India could put a spacecraft
印度就能发射探测器

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with our own PSLV.
用我们自己的PSLV火箭

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And we decided 
that this is going to be
我们决定实施这项

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a technology mission
 to prove India's capability
技术验证任务，证明印度的能力

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to orbit a spacecraft
 around Mars.
发射星际探测器到达火星

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The plan presented 
was a daring one.
提出的计划相当冒险

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Something that India
 had never attempted before.
印度以前从来没有尝试过

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They would build a Mars orbiter
他们将建造一个火星轨道器

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one of the fastest
 and most intelligent spacecrafts
最快的、最智能的航天器

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India has ever made 
and load it onto the PSLV.
印度制造并装在PSLV火箭上

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It would first be launched 
into Earth's orbit.
首先发射到地球轨道

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Then they would get it
 to circle Earth
然后环绕地球

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and gradually increase its velocity
逐步提高速度

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and raise its orbit levels 
till it's fast enough
提高轨道高度，直到足够快

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to escape Earth's
sphere of influence.
摆脱地球的引力影响

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It would then be set
 on a path towards Mars
并进入火星转移轨道

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covering over 
650 million kilometres
飞奔6.5亿千米之遥

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in about 300 days.
大约300天

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Mangalyaan will hurtle 
through space
“曼加里安”飞过无垠的空间

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at speeds over
 20 kilometres per second.
超过20千米/秒的速度

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On Earth,
travelling at that speed
在地球上，这个速度

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would get you
 from New Delhi to New York
从新德里到纽约

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in about 9 minutes.
只需要9分钟

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That's how fast 
Mangalyaan will travel
“曼加里安”就跑得这么快

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towards Mars.
从地球到火星

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It will then enter Mars orbit
它将进入火星轨道

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at a point about 500 kilometres 
nearest to the surface
近火点有500千米远

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of the Red Planet.
距离火星表面

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Once green-lit,
the Mars Orbiter Mission
一旦计划开始，火星环绕任务

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had centres across India
 working around the clock
在印度各地都有任务团队日以继夜

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to pull off this challenging 
interplanetary journey.
努力完成这项星际任务的挑战

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ISRO centres in Bengaluru 
designed, 
班加罗尔的ISRO任务中心设计、

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built and tested Mangalyaan.
制造、验证了“曼加里安”号

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Ahmedabad engineered its camera 
and scientific instruments.
艾哈迈达巴德设计了它的相机以及科学仪器

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Sriharikota 
would be its launch centre.
斯里赫里戈达岛是航天发射中心

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The deep space antenna in Byalalu
拜阿拉鲁的深空天线

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would track communication.
将跟踪信号

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And the Mission Control Room
 back in Bengaluru
回到班加罗尔的任务控制室

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would monitor and navigate it.
会进行监视和导航

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Mangalyaan's dream team
 had veteran space scientists
“曼加里安”梦之队有经验丰富的空间科学家

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who had worked on many
 of India's satellite missions
曾参与完成印度的很多卫星任务

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over three to four decades.
三、四十年的时间跨度

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K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman, ISRO
 at the time of launch
K. Radhakrishnan，ISRO
主席，在发射期间

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is the man at the helm 
of India's mission to Mars.
掌控印度的整个火星任务

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A.S.Kiran Kumar had to analyse
A.S.Kiran Kumar 分析了

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hundreds of worst-case scenarios.
数百种最坏的情况

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His big concern 
was how fuel would be used.
最大的问题是如何有效利用燃料

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M.Annadurai's experience
M.Annadurai曾有经验

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heading India's 
first Moon mission
领导印度的第一次月球任务

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Chandrayaan-1,
would help in designing
月船1号，有助于设计

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an economical Mars mission.
一个经济的火星任务

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S.Arunan's biggest challenge 
was to build an intelligent craft
S.Arunan面临的最大挑战是制造出智能航天器

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that was autonomous
全自动的

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or one that could
largely function on its own.
可以独立完成运作

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The leading members of this team 
had worked
这个团队的领导成员具有

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on the successful lunar mission,
Chandrayaan-1
成功完成月船1号的经验

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but this was their first
 interplanetary mission.
但这是他们第一次星际任务

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Their scientific prowess 
would be tested at every turn.
他们的科学能力面临一次又一次考验

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It is a one-way graduation 
for what we do all along
这就像面临一次又一次毕业考

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to Chandrayaan.
从月船任务开始

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And Chandrayaan to MOM,
I can tell it's postgraduation.
环绕月球的月船任务，我说这件事让我们毕业了

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It is like 
everything's a step ahead
就是所有掌握的经验都迈了一步

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but everything 
that is learned previously
以前所掌握的知识

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is taken to Chandrayaan.
达到了月船的层次

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Chandrayaan to Mars, very well 
it has been taken there.
现在做“曼加里安”任务去火星，我们有了很好的基础

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The 1335 kilograms 
Mars Orbiter Satellite
1335千克的火星环绕卫星

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into an elliptic orbit.
环绕椭圆形的轨道

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At the launch centre,
it's action stations.
在发射中心，控制岗位，

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Scientists have to monitor
every aspect of this lift-off
科学家必须监控这次发射的方方面面

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00:09:58,920 --> 00:10:00,920
and constantly track Mangalyaan's
不断追踪“曼加里安”

173
00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:03,800
over 300-day space journey.
300天的空间旅程

174
00:10:03,840 --> 00:10:06,000
They need information
 at each stage
他们需要每个阶段的信号

175
00:10:06,040 --> 00:10:08,640
and India 
could not do this alone.
不过印度不能独立完成

176
00:10:11,960 --> 00:10:13,560
One of the major requirements
最主要的需求

177
00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:17,080
for ISTRAC is to provide 
continuous Mars data
追踪和探测所需的是连续的数据

178
00:10:17,120 --> 00:10:18,640
for control support.
用于任务支持

179
00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:21,680
So, we established 32 antennae
所以，我们建立了32个天线

180
00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:23,480
ground station support
地面测控站的支持

181
00:10:23,640 --> 00:10:26,040
spread throughout the world.
遍布世界各地

182
00:10:29,040 --> 00:10:32,080
During launch,
ground stations in Sriharikota
发射期间，测控站位于斯里赫里戈达岛、

183
00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:34,840
Port Blair, Brunei and Indonesia
布莱尔港、文莱、印尼等地

184
00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:37,240
will track the rocket 
and will relay data
将跟踪火箭并传输数据

185
00:10:37,320 --> 00:10:38,400
to the mission team.
给任务团队

186
00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:41,240
But once the rocket is above
 the South Pacific Ocean
但是一旦火箭到达南太平洋的上空

187
00:10:41,640 --> 00:10:44,040
ground stations would not
 be able to track it.
测控站就无法追踪它

188
00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:47,680
The mission team couldn't afford 
to be without communication.
任务团队不能没有探测器的信号

189
00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:51,680
After much deliberation,
they came up with a solution.
经过深思熟虑，他们想出了解决办法

190
00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:58,240
Two ships 
loaded with powerful antennae
两艘船安装强大的天线

191
00:10:58,320 --> 00:11:00,040
would be stationed in the Pacific
提前安排到太平洋

192
00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:03,160
and would send information
 of this part of the launch.
能够提供这一部分的信号

193
00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:07,800
But the team faced
its first setback.
但团队面临着一个难题

194
00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:13,520
One of the ships couldn't reach 
its location on time
其中一艘船不能按时到达指定地点

195
00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:15,360
due to bad weather.
因为天气恶劣

196
00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:17,480
The preparations for the launch
发射准备

197
00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:19,800
they were delayed 
due to the positioning
有些耽搁因为定位

198
00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:23,120
of the shipborne terminals 
at the desired locations.
测量船不能及时到达预定地点

199
00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:27,040
Due to weather problems,
it got delayed.
因为天气原因，推迟了

200
00:11:27,920 --> 00:11:29,840
This was not good news
这不是好消息

201
00:11:29,880 --> 00:11:32,520
considering the short time window
 the mission team
考虑到短暂的任务发射窗口

202
00:11:32,560 --> 00:11:34,480
had to launch Mangalyaan.
必须发射“曼加里安”

203
00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:38,240
Bad weather had managed to derail 
the original launch plan
坏天气让最初的发射计划一拖再拖

204
00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:40,600
and scientists were hit 
with a problem
科学家们又遇到一个难题

205
00:11:40,640 --> 00:11:42,760
even before lift-off.
在发射之前

206
00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:54,640
India's Mission to Mars team 
was up against a challenge.
印度的火星任务团队需要解决这问题

207
00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:57,480
One of the two ships
 carrying powerful antennae
两艘携带天线的测量船之一

208
00:11:57,520 --> 00:12:00,720
needed for tracking 
during the launch of Mangalyaan
用于追踪“曼加里安”的发射

209
00:12:00,800 --> 00:12:02,800
was not able to reach 
its location
不能抵达预定地点

210
00:12:02,840 --> 00:12:04,520
due to bad weather.
因为恶劣天气

211
00:12:05,800 --> 00:12:09,120
The mission team had to realign
 all their calculations
任务小组必须重新调整他们所有的计算

212
00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:11,760
and come up with a new launch date.
并提出新的发射日期

213
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:20,920
Earlier, October end,
the launch was scheduled.
之前，发射计划在10月底

214
00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:23,480
But due to the arrangements
但由于重新安排

215
00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:25,480
required for the vehicle tracking
所需的信号追踪

216
00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:27,200
with some shipborne terminals.
测量船的工作

217
00:12:27,360 --> 00:12:29,080
So, all those arrangements 
got delayed.
所以所有的时间安排被推迟

218
00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:31,720
And we could launch 
on November 5th.
我们可以在11月5日发射

219
00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:47,040
Children in Sriharikota
 are probably used to seeing
斯里赫里戈达岛的孩子们习惯于看到

220
00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:49,000
rockets flash through the sky.
火箭从天空穿过

221
00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:50,960
But on this November afternoon
但是在11月的这个下午

222
00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:53,880
the rocket about to lift off 
will create history
这次火箭发射将创造历史

223
00:12:54,040 --> 00:12:57,560
as it will launch India's first
 interplanetary mission.
发射印度的第一次星际任务

224
00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:00,800
Mangalyaan,
India's orbiter to Mars.
“曼加里安”，印度的火星环绕探测器

225
00:13:06,720 --> 00:13:09,800
Launch date.
The world is watching.
发射日，整个世界在关注

226
00:13:14,680 --> 00:13:17,520
Nobody believed that India
 actually would be able
没有人相信印度真的能

227
00:13:17,560 --> 00:13:18,760
to do this mission.
完成这个任务

228
00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:22,080
So, even when we had announced 
the date of launch, etc.
所以，尽管我们已经公布过发射的时间

229
00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:25,160
Still there was a question mark.
Nobody was taking us seriously.
但还是存在一个问号，没有人认真对待我们

230
00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:27,480
Only when the actual 
launch happened
只有真正发射以后

231
00:13:27,560 --> 00:13:28,760
then they started looking at
他们才开始承认

232
00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:30,520
"Okay. That means 
there is already"
“好吧。现在已经有了”

233
00:13:30,560 --> 00:13:32,200
"a satellite 
which has been integrated"
一颗卫星发射成功了

234
00:13:32,240 --> 00:13:34,040
"put together.
This is happening."
进入太空，这是真的

235
00:13:38,480 --> 00:13:41,320
Scientists are counting down 
to blast off.
科学家们正在发射倒计时

236
00:13:43,160 --> 00:13:45,920
10, 9, 8

237
00:13:46,160 --> 00:13:48,920
7, 6, 5

238
00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:51,800
4, 3, 2

239
00:13:52,240 --> 00:13:55,800
1, 0, +1, 2..

240
00:14:20,240 --> 00:14:23,360
Stations at Sriharikota, Port Blair
测控站位于斯里赫里戈达岛、布莱尔港

241
00:14:23,400 --> 00:14:25,240
Brunei and Indonesia
文莱和印尼

242
00:14:25,320 --> 00:14:27,800
send signal s
confirming the success
传输确认成功的信号

243
00:14:27,840 --> 00:14:30,360
of the first three launch phases.
前三个发射阶段

244
00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:33,840
The rocket then cruises
 for 26 minutes
然后火箭巡航26分钟

245
00:14:33,880 --> 00:14:35,600
over the South Pacific Ocean
在南太平洋上空

246
00:14:35,640 --> 00:14:37,080
and none of the ground stations
所有的地面测控站

247
00:14:37,120 --> 00:14:39,840
can get signals from it 
for 10 minutes.
10分钟内收不到信号

248
00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:44,440
This is followed
 by the crucial 4th stage
下面是关键的第四阶段

249
00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:46,880
when Mangalyaan separates
 from the launch vehicle
“曼加里安”要和火箭发动机分离

250
00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:48,800
and is thrown into orbit.
被送进地球轨道

251
00:14:49,440 --> 00:14:51,840
Communication is crucial 
at this stage.
信号通信在这个阶段非常重要

252
00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:55,560
This is where the 2 ships 
have a key role.
在这个阶段两艘测量船起到重要作用

253
00:14:56,160 --> 00:14:58,520
The team is on edge 
waiting for the signal
这个队在紧张的状态中等待信号

254
00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:00,800
that all is going as per plan.
一切都按计划进行

255
00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:04,560
The first ship 
monitors the ignition
第一艘船监测点火情况

256
00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:06,040
of the rocket engine.
火箭发动机的工作

257
00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:08,320
A few minutes later,
the second ship
几分钟之后，第二艘船

258
00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:10,480
monitors craft separation.
监控探测器分离

259
00:15:14,720 --> 00:15:16,560
Mangalyaan is finally sent
“曼加里安”终于被送上

260
00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:19,240
into an elliptical orbit 
around Earth.
环绕地球的椭圆轨道

261
00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:27,000
Very, very accurate orbit
 we have achieved.
实现了非常非常精确的轨道

262
00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:30,960
Jubilation breaks out
 in the Command Centre.
控制中心里欢腾起来了

263
00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:37,920
Given the media interest
 in India's Mars mission
媒体开始关注印度的火星任务

264
00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:41,560
the action in the Command Centre
is aired live on television
控制中心的一举一动在电视上直播

265
00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:43,360
and shared on social media
在社交媒体上传播

266
00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:46,000
with a massive audience
 around the world.
在全世界吸引了大量观众

267
00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:53,360
We were very clear,
this is a complex mission.
我们很清楚，这是一项复杂的任务

268
00:15:53,400 --> 00:15:56,200
And we needed to communicate this
 to the country.
我们需要传达给全国人民

269
00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:57,720
So, we used social media.
所以，我们用社交媒体

270
00:15:57,760 --> 00:16:00,360
The young generation 
in the country
全国的年轻一代人

271
00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:02,520
discussed science on that.
在社交网络讨论科学

272
00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:05,480
And today,
almost 1 million likes we have.
今天，我们有差不多100万粉丝

273
00:16:07,760 --> 00:16:10,480
Even as India celebrated
 a successful launch
就在印度庆祝成功发射的时候

274
00:16:10,520 --> 00:16:11,920
of its Mars Orbiter
火星环绕探测器

275
00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:15,240
the US launched its own 
Mars mission, MAVEN.
美国也发射了火星任务，MAVEN

276
00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:19,200
And lift-off of the Atlas V
 with MAVEN.
用Atlas V
发射了MAVEN

277
00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:22,080
Looking for clues 
about the evolution of Mars
寻找关于火星演化的线索

278
00:16:22,120 --> 00:16:23,760
through its atmosphere.
去研究大气

279
00:16:23,800 --> 00:16:25,680
They had
 a powerful launch vehicle
他们有强大的发射火箭

280
00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:28,640
that put MAVEN
 on a direct path to Mars.
直接把MAVEN送上火星转移轨道

281
00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:30,800
The stage was now set.
现在都安排上了

282
00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:32,920
Everything's looking good.
事情看起来还不错

283
00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:37,400
There was serious pressure 
on India to ensure success.
印度这边确保成功的压力很大

284
00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:39,800
They could not afford to fail.
他们不能失败

285
00:16:41,800 --> 00:16:44,960
Mangalyaan was built 
in a record 15 months
“曼加里安”在创纪录的15个月里完成

286
00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:48,920
on a shoestring budget 
of USD 74 million.
预算只有7400万美元

287
00:16:49,200 --> 00:16:51,560
Compared to NASA's
 Mars Orbiter, MAVEN
相比NASA的火星环绕器MAVEN

288
00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:54,560
USD 670 million.
6.7亿美元

289
00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:58,320
Doing it at $70 million
7000万美元就完成

290
00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:02,560
was really a huge, huge benefit
真是很大、很大的成绩

291
00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:04,400
not just in saving money
不仅仅做到了省钱

292
00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:06,600
but it paves the way 
for the world
也为世界铺开了一条路

293
00:17:06,640 --> 00:17:08,920
to look 
at interplanetary missions
在星际任务中

294
00:17:08,960 --> 00:17:12,840
which are less than 
$100 million in costs.
少于1亿美元的预算就敢大干快上

295
00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:20,360
India's highly 
cost-effective spacecrafts
印度的高度经济实惠的航天器

296
00:17:20,400 --> 00:17:23,800
like Mangalyaan are built
 in this high security facility
“曼加里安”在很安全的设施里

297
00:17:23,840 --> 00:17:25,240
in Bengaluru.
在班加罗尔完成

298
00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:31,880
Scientists work in a specifically 
designed clean room.
科学家们在严格设计的洁净室工作

299
00:17:32,080 --> 00:17:33,960
Dust is one
 of the biggest enemies
灰尘是最大的敌人之一

300
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,920
of deep space satellites 
like the Mars Orbiter.
对于像火星环绕器这样的卫星来说

301
00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:40,480
Even a speck of dust 
could be catastrophic
即使是一点点灰尘可能是灾难性的

302
00:17:40,560 --> 00:17:42,040
jamming systems.
干扰系统

303
00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:47,960
Mangalyaan is 
a surprisingly small cuboid.
“曼加里安”是一个小的长方体

304
00:17:48,720 --> 00:17:50,800
A little smaller
 than an autorickshaw
比三轮蹦蹦小一点

305
00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:52,920
and about three times its weight.
重量是蹦蹦的3倍

306
00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:56,680
Systems on Mangalyaan 
are miniaturised and light.
Mangalyaan上的系统
“曼加里安”上的仪器都是微型并且轻便的

307
00:17:58,080 --> 00:17:59,880
You have to miniaturise 
because you are taking
你必须减重因为你要

308
00:17:59,920 --> 00:18:01,720
the object farther and farther.
把它们送得那么遥远

309
00:18:01,760 --> 00:18:04,480
Basically, it's miniaturisation
而且，小型化工程

310
00:18:04,520 --> 00:18:05,800
to a very high level
水平很高

311
00:18:05,840 --> 00:18:08,080
what has not 
been attempted so far.
以前还从没有尝试过

312
00:18:11,680 --> 00:18:14,640
Mangalyaan's brain
 is a highly intelligent system
“曼加里安”的大脑是一个高度智能化的系统

313
00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:17,040
that will allow it to communicate
 with the mission team
能直接联系到控制团队

314
00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:20,920
from millions of kilometres away
 and even function on its own.
在数千万千米甚至更远之外完全自主地工作

315
00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:24,600
The solar panels 
will power its brain.
太阳能电池板为系统提供能量

316
00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:27,800
But it also has a backup 
lithium-ion battery.
它也有备用的锂电池

317
00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:31,120
Its high-powered antenna
 will point towards Earth
它的高增益天线对着地球

318
00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:33,720
to be able to send
 and receive messages.
可以发射和收到信号

319
00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:38,840
Star sensors and gyroscopes
 act as navigation aids
恒星敏感器和陀螺仪充当助航设备

320
00:18:38,880 --> 00:18:41,760
to keep the orbiter 
on its precise path.
保持航天器沿着精确的轨道前进

321
00:18:42,760 --> 00:18:44,760
Its five instruments 
will send back
它的五种仪器将发送回

322
00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:47,480
scientific information 
about Mars.
有关火星的科学数据

323
00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:50,600
Its engine 
is powered by liquid fuel.
火箭发动机使用液态燃料

324
00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:53,600
It has to use this fuel 
very carefully.
必须非常谨慎地计划

325
00:18:53,720 --> 00:18:56,520
There are no pit stops to refuel
 during its long
在它漫长的旅途中没有加油站


326
00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:59,720
over 650 million-kilometre 
journey.
超过6.5亿公里的距离

327
00:18:59,760 --> 00:19:01,560
This was one
 of the biggest concerns
这是最关键的事情之一

328
00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:03,080
for the mission team.
对任务团队来说

329
00:19:05,160 --> 00:19:06,920
After a successful launch
在成功的发射之后

330
00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:08,360
Mangalyaan has been put
“曼加里安”被送上

331
00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:10,800
on an elliptical orbit 
around Earth.
环绕地球的椭圆轨道

332
00:19:11,320 --> 00:19:14,480
Over the next 25 days,
scientists will fire up
之后25天，科学家将安排点火

333
00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:17,800
Mangalyaan's engine six times
 to raise the orbit
“曼加里安”的发动机6次抬升轨道

334
00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:19,800
and increase its velocity 
high enough
提高速度，直到足够快

335
00:19:19,840 --> 00:19:22,880
so it can escape 
Earth's sphere of influence.
它就能逃脱地球引力的影响

336
00:19:24,120 --> 00:19:26,880
In very simple terms,
it's what we did to Mangalyaan.
简单来说，这就是我们要做的

337
00:19:26,920 --> 00:19:28,760
Imagine the red ball 
is the Mangalyaan.
把红球当做“曼加里安”

338
00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:32,040
And we flung it around Earth 
in bigger and faster loops
我们把它围绕地球，送到更高更快的轨道上

339
00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:33,840
until it got sufficient velocity.
直到它有足够的速度

340
00:19:33,880 --> 00:19:35,600
And when it got that velocity
到它有了足够速度的时候

341
00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:37,400
we flung it towards Mars.
我们让它对准火星

342
00:19:42,040 --> 00:19:45,040
The room for error
at every stage is narrow
每个步骤都没有犯错的空间

343
00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:47,640
as they cannot afford
 to waste fuel.
因为一点燃料也不能浪费

344
00:19:49,680 --> 00:19:52,840
Mangalyaan has completed
 3 orbit-raising operations
“曼加里安”已经3次提升轨道

345
00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:54,040
around Earth
环绕地球

346
00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:56,200
each bigger 
than the previous one.
轨道圈子越来越大

347
00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:59,560
And then scientist s
hit another snag.
然后科学家又遇到一个障碍

348
00:19:59,800 --> 00:20:01,960
The 4th time, the engine fired up
第4次，发动机点火之后

349
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:04,120
it underperformed 
and did not reach
它表现不佳，没有达到

350
00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:05,760
the targeted velocity.
想要的速度

351
00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:07,920
This means 
Mangalyaan would have to use
这样说“曼加里安”需要使用

352
00:20:07,960 --> 00:20:10,840
extra fuel to make up
 for the shortfall.
额外的燃料以弥补不足

353
00:20:13,680 --> 00:20:16,720
B.S.Kiran's expertise 
in mathematical modelling
B.S.Kiran在数学建模中具有专业知识


354
00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:18,720
lead him to establish
 a precise path
引导他计算一条精确的轨道

355
00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:21,120
for Mangalyaan's Mars encounter.
让“曼加里安”与火星相遇

356
00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:24,000
He was worried 
because snags like this
他很担心因为燃料方面的障碍

357
00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:26,720
could affect Managalyaan's date 
with Mars.
会影响到“曼加里安”与火星相遇的日期

358
00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:28,360
The main engine shut down
主发动机提前关闭了

359
00:20:28,800 --> 00:20:31,120
due to some onboard logic.
因为一些机载程序的问题

360
00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:34,200
So, after which 
we could not impart
所以，在那之后我们不能给出

361
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:37,080
the desired velocity increment
 in that manoeuver.
在那次点火时具体有多少速度增量

362
00:20:37,120 --> 00:20:39,200
All our problems
 what we are talking about
我们在讨论的问题

363
00:20:39,240 --> 00:20:43,120
for this entire mission
 comes primarily from the reason
整个任务最关键的就是

364
00:20:43,200 --> 00:20:45,080
the amount of fuel 
we are carrying.
携带燃料的数量

365
00:20:45,120 --> 00:20:46,680
If something goes wrong
如果有些时候不顺利

366
00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:50,520
the amount of fuel that is left 
for correction and recovery
剩下的燃料不足以纠正和恢复轨道

367
00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:53,440
would have prevented us 
from going to Mars.
我们就去不了火星了

368
00:20:54,880 --> 00:20:56,520
After much deliberation
经过精细考量

369
00:20:56,560 --> 00:21:00,440
the team decides on firing up
 the engine for one extra time
决定临时加一次发动机点火

370
00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:03,920
to ensure Mangalyaan speeds up 
to the required velocity.
确保“曼加里安”加速达到所需速度

371
00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:11,760
Space scientists are tense
空间科学家很紧张

372
00:21:11,800 --> 00:21:13,840
but calmly oversee the protocol.
但要冷静地监控情况

373
00:21:13,880 --> 00:21:15,200
So, at that time
所以，当时

374
00:21:15,360 --> 00:21:17,920
we had many possible scenarios.
我们把所有都提前想到

375
00:21:17,960 --> 00:21:19,920
We had worked out 
almost something like
我们考虑到很多

376
00:21:19,960 --> 00:21:22,800
250 reasons why we could fail.
250种失败的可能

377
00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:25,960
So, any of those failures,
if they occur
所以，任何这些挫折，如果发生

378
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:28,520
is there a possibility for us 
to correct.
我们有没有对应的纠正办法

379
00:21:28,560 --> 00:21:31,600
And correct with the fuel
 which is still sufficient for us
用燃料修正之后，还要剩下足够的

380
00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:35,040
to do the rest of the travel 
and insert in Mars.
去飞越星际，降落在火星

381
00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:38,120
Mangalyaan makes up 
for the shortfall
“曼加里安”弥补了误差

382
00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:40,080
in an additional engine burn.
增加一次额外的点火

383
00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:45,520
And the correction is successful.
纠正措施成功了

384
00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:50,720
Mangalyaan now 
has only a few days left
现在“曼加里安”只剩几天时间

385
00:21:50,760 --> 00:21:52,600
before it leaves Earth's orbit.
离开地球轨道

386
00:21:55,360 --> 00:21:56,800
And as a farewell message
像是告别信

387
00:21:56,880 --> 00:21:59,440
it sends back 
its very first picture.
它发回所拍的第一张照片

388
00:22:06,120 --> 00:22:09,840
A picture clicked using 
its cool Mars colour camera
使用很酷的火星彩色照相机拍照

389
00:22:09,920 --> 00:22:12,880
built at the Space
 Application Centre in Ahmedabad.
在艾哈迈达巴德空间应用中心建造

390
00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:19,240
This camera
 and other instruments designed
这个照相机以及其他仪器

391
00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:21,400
at this centre
 are crucial to the mission
产自艾哈迈达巴德，对任务至关重要

392
00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:23,000
as they will allow Mangalyaan
“曼加里安”有能力

393
00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:25,360
to study Mars' surface 
and atmosphere
研究火星的表面和大气

394
00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:28,120
and send that information
 back home.
把数据和资料返回地球

395
00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:34,320
And all this high-end
 engineering innovation
所有这些高端的工程创新

396
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:37,640
for space research 
is driven by local talent.
当地人才推动了空间研究的发展

397
00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:40,800
We had to design the payloads
我们必须设计出载荷

398
00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:43,160
such that it could fit into 
that budget of mass and power.
符合火星环绕器的重量和电力要求

399
00:22:43,360 --> 00:22:44,760
That was extremely challenging.
这是非常具有挑战性的

400
00:22:44,840 --> 00:22:47,040
And really go
 for very state-of-the-art
并真正追求最先进的

401
00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:48,480
components and elements
部件和组成

402
00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:49,880
so that we could
 make our instruments
以便我们制作仪器

403
00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:52,000
lightweight and very low power.
轻便而且节能

404
00:22:55,600 --> 00:22:59,000
Mangalyaan is now gearing up 
to bid goodbye to Earth
“曼加里安”现在正在准备向地球告别

405
00:22:59,200 --> 00:23:01,200
and make its way towards Mars.
一去不返飞往火星

406
00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:02,920
The trans-Mars
 injection manoeuver
去火星的点火轨道机动

407
00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:05,040
we planned and executed.
我们计划并执行

408
00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:08,560
That also went through.
As an operation
这也过去了，这个阶段

409
00:23:08,800 --> 00:23:10,320
I would say it was perfect.
我说是很成功的

410
00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:15,520
The engine is fired up
 and jettisons Mangalyaan
发动机点火，推动“曼加里安”

411
00:23:15,560 --> 00:23:16,800
out of Earth's orbit
离开了地球轨道

412
00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:19,800
and on its first ever 
interplanetary journey
这是它的第一次星际旅行

413
00:23:19,920 --> 00:23:21,320
towards Mars.
去往火星

414
00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:26,040
A new chapter 
in India's space odyssey
印度的太空探索历程的新篇章

415
00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:27,560
has begun.
开始了

416
00:23:34,080 --> 00:23:36,640
The further Mangalyaan
 travels away from Earth
“曼加里安”离地球越远

417
00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:39,360
the greater the danger 
of losing contact with it.
与它失去联系的风险越大

418
00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:42,040
But as it hurtles 
in the unfamiliar territory
但当它在不熟悉的外层空间领域飞行时

419
00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:45,960
of outer space, accurate
navigation and communication
精确的导航与通信

420
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:47,880
would make or break
将成就或失败

421
00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:49,800
India's Mars ambition.
印度的火星夙愿

422
00:23:57,280 --> 00:23:59,520
Mangalyaan,
India's Mars Orbiter
“曼加里安”，印度的火星环绕器

423
00:23:59,600 --> 00:24:01,400
is now hurtling towards Mars
正朝火星飞去

424
00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:03,960
at a speed of over
 20 kilometres per second.
超过20千米/秒的速度

425
00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:09,600
Scientists feel
科学家们觉得

426
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:12,920
that Mars holds some secrets
火星上藏着一些秘密

427
00:24:13,040 --> 00:24:16,520
about the origin of life
 on the Planet Earth.
关于地球上生命的起源

428
00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:20,320
And also it is believed,
that after a few decades
而且人们相信，几十年后

429
00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:24,000
humankind would be able
 to have habitat in Mars.
人类可以在火星上建立栖息地

430
00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:27,760
Futurists have been
 fascinated with Mars
未来学家对火星着迷

431
00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:29,960
due to its proximity to Earth.
因为它离地球很近

432
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:32,280
In many ways,
it's a little like Earth.
在很多方面，有点像地球

433
00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:35,800
For starters, its surface
is very similar to Earth's
首先，它的表面与地球非常相似

434
00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:39,240
and the length of its day
 a little more than 24 hours.
一天的时间比24小时多一点儿

435
00:24:40,120 --> 00:24:43,360
1 Mars year is equal
 to about 2 Earth years.
1火星年相当于大约2地球年

436
00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:47,560
And the weight on Mars is about 
one-third the weight on Earth.
火星上的重力大约是地球重力的三分之一

437
00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:51,680
Like Earth, it has volcanoes,
canyons and polar ice caps.
像地球一样，它有火山、峡谷和极地冰盖

438
00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:55,480
This is what 
excites space scientists
这就是激起空间科学家

439
00:24:55,520 --> 00:24:57,840
possibilitie 
for future colonisation.
畅想移民火星的可能性

440
00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:00,640
Former President
前总统

441
00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:03,880
President APJ Abdul Kalam
once told me
第11任总统阿卜杜尔·卡拉姆说

442
00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:08,240
Earth, Moon and Mars
地球、月球和火星

443
00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:11,200
are all part of one
都是一个整体

444
00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:13,520
industrial complex.
工业综合体

445
00:25:13,800 --> 00:25:17,000
He always felt that there 
would be mining of the Moon
他总觉得月球上将有采矿业

446
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:21,160
there would be mining of Mars,
and the human race
会有火星上的开采，还有人类

447
00:25:21,360 --> 00:25:24,920
would be travelling 
between Earth, Moon and Mars
将要在地球、月球和火星之间往返旅行


448
00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:27,000
as one configuration.
成为一个大的体系

449
00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:33,680
As it travels towards Mars 
after leaving Earth's Orbit
当它离开地球轨道后向火星移动


450
00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:36,520
Mangalyaan is 
in almost frictionless vacuum.
“曼加里安”在几乎无摩擦的真空中

451
00:25:37,240 --> 00:25:39,040
Its engine has been switched off
发动机保持熄火

452
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:41,880
and will be turned on 
300 days later
在300天后再点火

453
00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:43,600
when it approaches Mars.
当它接近火星的时候

454
00:25:46,120 --> 00:25:49,480
Mangalyaan is in an unfamiliar
 and extreme environment.
“曼加里安”在陌生和极端的环境中

455
00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:52,640
For one, it's travelling away
 from the Sun
首先，它正在逐渐远离太阳

456
00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:54,640
so the temperatures
 it's exposed to
所以它所在的空间温度

457
00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:58,160
can be lower than 
-150 degree centigrade.
可以低于-150摄氏度

458
00:26:04,760 --> 00:26:07,840
ISRO scientists are prepared 
for this eventuality.
ISRO的科学家已经准备好了应对这种情况

459
00:26:08,360 --> 00:26:11,360
Mangalyaan was tested 
to endure a vacuum environment
“曼加里安”已测试过真空环境

460
00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:14,560
high vibration,
extreme temperature variation
强烈振动，极端温度变化

461
00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:16,440
and high levels of sound
以及很大的噪音

462
00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:19,400
to prepare it 
for this epic journey.
为这次惊人的旅程做好准备

463
00:26:21,320 --> 00:26:24,440
The testing requirements 
were very huge
测试要求非常多

464
00:26:24,520 --> 00:26:27,520
because we have to simulate
 so many scenarios.
因为我们必须模拟这么多的情况

465
00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:31,280
So, those kinds of thousands 
and thousands of combinations
所以，成千上万的情境组合

466
00:26:31,360 --> 00:26:33,440
need to be tested in the ground
需要在地球上验证

467
00:26:33,600 --> 00:26:35,920
to ensure that we don't get
确认我们不会在

468
00:26:36,280 --> 00:26:38,120
any failure in some of the parts.
任何步骤失败

469
00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,440
India's Mars Orbiter
 is on schedule.
印度的火星环绕器在路上

470
00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:45,640
If all goes well,
it will reach Mars orbit
如果一切顺利，它将到达火星轨道

471
00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:48,160
on September the 24th, 2014.
在2014年9月24日

472
00:26:48,800 --> 00:26:51,840
But the mission team knows 
that's easier said than done.
任务团队知道说起来容易做起来难

473
00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,600
So, how does 
one navigate a spacecraft
那么，怎么操纵遥远的探测器

474
00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:58,440
when all you can see 
is deep space?
如果你能看到的只有无垠的深空

475
00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:03,680
Hundreds of years ago,
Ancient Indian astronomers
几百年前，古印度天文学家

476
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:05,240
like Aryabhata and Varahamihira
比如Aryabhata和Varahamihira


477
00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:07,600
using very 
rudimentary instruments
使用非常基本的仪器

478
00:27:07,720 --> 00:27:10,240
have studied the stars 
and mapped them
研究过星星并绘制了星图

479
00:27:10,280 --> 00:27:12,280
and studied
 the planetary motions.
研究行星运动

480
00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:15,560
Ancient explorers have used 
the stars in the night sky
古代探险家曾用夜空中的星星

481
00:27:15,680 --> 00:27:18,720
to navigate their position 
and go around in the exploration.
在探险的过程中导航他们的位置

482
00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:21,840
In a similar way,
our Mars mission team
以类似的方式，我们的火星任务团队

483
00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:24,480
has also used the stars 
around the spacecraft
也利用在探测器周围的星星

484
00:27:24,760 --> 00:27:26,640
to know their precise orientation
指导准确方位

485
00:27:26,680 --> 00:27:29,400
and proceed accurately
 towards Mars.
准确地飞往火星

486
00:27:31,360 --> 00:27:32,800
And that team was spearheaded
那支团队的领导

487
00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:35,880
by Nandini Harinath 
and Ritu Karidhal
是Nandini Harinath和Ritu Karidhal

488
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:38,160
who monitor power
and communication
负责电力和通信

489
00:27:38,280 --> 00:27:40,720
and operate Mangalyaan 
to stay on course.
并控制“曼加里安”持续前进

490
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:43,360
There was a lot of anxiety,
you know
有很多让人担心的事，你知道的

491
00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:46,000
whether things would work
 or not work.
仪器能不能顺利工作

492
00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:51,040
There were many reasons why 
Mangalyaan could veer off course.
“曼加里安”有很多原因可能会偏离方向

493
00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:54,400
The Sun's radiation 
or the firing of the engine
太阳辐射或者发动机的点火

494
00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:57,120
could exert a force 
on the body of the craft
在探测器的机身上施加力

495
00:27:57,560 --> 00:28:00,440
which could cause the spacecraft 
to rotate or wobble
可能导致探测器旋转或摆动

496
00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:01,960
like a clumsy ball.
像一个笨拙的球

497
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,520
It needs to be 
really monitored, corrected
它需要随时的监控、纠正

498
00:28:04,560 --> 00:28:07,760
so that the orbit which 
we achieve is precise.
所以我们的目标轨道是精确的

499
00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:12,800
The mammoth task 
ahead of this team
这个团队面对艰巨的任务

500
00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:16,120
was to keep Mangalyaan's
antenna pointing towards Earth
保证“曼加里安”的天线指向地面
501
00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:18,280
so it could communicate
 uninterrupted
它可以不间断沟通


502
00:28:18,360 --> 00:28:20,760
with the mission team
 across millions of kilometres.
跨越千万公里与控制团队取得联系

503
00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:23,680
Mind-boggling when you compare
你会觉得难以置信

504
00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:25,240
what a challenge it is to manage
这是一个多么大的挑战

505
00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:28,640
an uninterrupted mobile 
communication here on Earth.
在地球上与不断移动中的探测器保持联系

506
00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:39,480
And speaking with Mangalyaan
与“曼加里安”对话的是

507
00:28:39,560 --> 00:28:42,560
was this loud mouth 
or the deep space antenna
大嘴一样的深空天线

508
00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:44,960
loacted in the the sleepy town 
of Byalalu
在比亚拉鲁冷清的小镇


509
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:47,200
in the outskirts of Bengaluru.
班加罗尔的郊区

510
00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:56,560
Antenna basically,
has got a very sensitive ear
天线基本上是，很敏感的耳朵

511
00:28:56,760 --> 00:28:59,360
and a loud mouth antenna,
which means that
还有向外发信号的天线，能够

512
00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:02,920
even in the background 
of heavy noise
即使在背景噪音中

513
00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:04,400
so the signal is so weak
信号很弱的情况下

514
00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:06,120
we will be able
 to decode the signal.
我们也可以解码信号

515
00:29:06,280 --> 00:29:08,440
It is very sensitive enough 
to decode
它非常灵敏，能解码

516
00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:10,280
even the weakest possible signal.
即使是最微弱的信号

517
00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:12,680
At the same time,
we have to pump
同时，我们得传输

518
00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:15,520
an extra,
very high-power level
强大的信号

519
00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:17,760
to transmit from ground station.
从地球发射出去

520
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:20,960
Depending on where Mangalyaan is
关键要看“曼加里安”在

521
00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:24,240
it takes anywhere
 between 8 to 43 minutes
多远的地方，需要8—43分钟不等

522
00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:27,240
for a message to be sent 
and received by Mangalyaan.
信号往返消耗的时间

523
00:29:27,560 --> 00:29:29,040
To send a message from Earth
从地球发送一个信号

524
00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:32,360
20 kilowatts of power 
is pumped through this antenna
通过这个天线20千瓦的功率发射出去

525
00:29:32,480 --> 00:29:34,720
a really loud shout to Mars.
这样的信号到火星也够了

526
00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:41,640
Back at the Mission Control Room 
in Bengaluru
回到班加罗尔的任务控制室


527
00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:43,440
the count down has started.
倒计时已经开始

528
00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:45,960
Mangalyaan is now nearing Mars.
“曼加里安”接近火星了

529
00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:47,480
Over the past months
过去几个月

530
00:29:47,520 --> 00:29:50,280
scientists have corrected 
Mangalyaan's course
科学家们已经纠正了“曼加里安”的轨道

531
00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:54,000
adjusted its speed and checked 
and cross-checked its controls.
调整速度，检查并反复核对控制程序

532
00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:57,560
The big moment is near
关键的时刻到来了

533
00:29:57,600 --> 00:30:00,480
when Mangalyaan
 has to enter the Mars orbit.
“曼加里安”进入火星轨道

534
00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:04,640
But this part of the journey
 is fraught with challenges.
但这段旅程充满挑战

535
00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:09,520
The mission team is 
under great pressure
任务团队在巨大的压力下

536
00:30:09,720 --> 00:30:11,760
and it has one big worry.
还有一个大问题

537
00:30:13,280 --> 00:30:14,920
Mangalyaan's engine.
“曼加里安”的发动机

538
00:30:15,920 --> 00:30:18,800
The same engine
 is required to work
同一台发动机必须正常工作

539
00:30:18,960 --> 00:30:21,560
after a period of about 9 months of travel.
经历了9个月的长途旅行

540
00:30:23,800 --> 00:30:25,280
Mangalyaan has been hurtling
“曼加里安”飞过

541
00:30:25,320 --> 00:30:27,000
through almost 
frictionless vacuum
茫茫无际的真空

542
00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:29,520
at a speed of over 
20 kilometres per second
超过20千米/秒的速度

543
00:30:29,640 --> 00:30:31,480
without the use of its engine.
发动机一直静静等待

544
00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:35,560
The engine was last turned on
 around 300 days back
最后一次点火在300天之前

545
00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:36,720
to speed the craft up
用于加速探测器

546
00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:39,320
enough to leave Earth's 
sphere of influence.
足够脱离地球的引力范围

547
00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:43,440
It now needs to fire up again 
to enter Mars orbit.
现在需要再次启动进入火星轨道

548
00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:48,960
In the worst case,
it would have been a fly-by.
在最坏的情况下，那会变成飞掠飞行

549
00:30:49,040 --> 00:30:52,520
We will not be able to capture it 
into an Orbiter on Mars.
我们无法让它被火星的引力捕获

550
00:30:52,720 --> 00:30:54,160
It will do one swing-by
它会环绕飞半圈

551
00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:57,160
and go away again out 
of Martian sphere of influence.
然后再飞出火星的引力范围

552
00:31:00,640 --> 00:31:02,760
Years of hardwork and planning
多年的努力和规划

553
00:31:03,000 --> 00:31:05,160
days and nights
 of careful tracking
日夜仔细跟踪

554
00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:07,640
and it all comes down 
to one moment
一切都集中在一点上

555
00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:09,920
with the odds 
stacked against them.
就概率来看也并不乐观

556
00:31:10,120 --> 00:31:12,840
Will the engine come on
 at the crucial moment
在关键时刻发动机能够点火

557
00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:14,680
to allow Mangalyaan
把“曼加里安”送进

558
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:17,360
to successfully enter Mars orbit?
环绕火星的轨道吗？

559
00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:22,320
The satellite was in slumber,
like a coma.
卫星一直在睡觉，昏睡不醒

560
00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:25,360
And then, it had to be woken up.
然后，它必须醒来了

561
00:31:26,480 --> 00:31:29,440
So, it's very similar 
to like in Ramayana
很像在《罗摩衍那》

562
00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:32,440
where you have Kumbhakarna 
who is sleeping
这部史诗里,库姆巴卡纳在沉睡


563
00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:36,600
and then wakes up
 and does what is required in war.
然后醒来成为战争中的勇士

564
00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:40,200
What's the br..
- Scientists
反正就是……科学家

565
00:31:40,240 --> 00:31:42,200
at the Mission Control Room
 are tense.
在任务控制室里很紧张

566
00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:46,680
India's spacecraft Mangalyaan
印度的探测器“曼加里安”

567
00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:49,360
is preparing to enter the orbit 
of Planet Mars.
准备要进入环火星轨道

568
00:31:50,240 --> 00:31:53,720
Everyone's big concern is whether
 the engine that was shut off
每个人最关心的是关闭的发动机

569
00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:55,640
almost 300 days ago
300天之后

570
00:31:55,720 --> 00:31:59,120
would come on for the spacecraft 
to succeed in its mission.
能够正常点火让探测器完成任务

571
00:32:00,600 --> 00:32:03,400
The same engine 
is required to work
同一个发动机要正常工作

572
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,320
after a period of about 
9 months of travel.
在9个月的旅程之后

573
00:32:06,480 --> 00:32:08,160
That means there is a long gap
这意味着有很长的停顿时间

574
00:32:08,240 --> 00:32:11,760
between the initial operations 
requirement
在初次操作

575
00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:14,400
and the subsequent need
 for usage.
和后续的操作之间

576
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:20,480
Now, after 300 days,
the engine had to be turned on
现在，300天之后，发动机必须点火

577
00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:23,680
to enable Mangalyaan 
to do a complicated manoeuvre
推动“曼加里安”做复杂的动作

578
00:32:23,840 --> 00:32:27,320
of slowing down 
to enter the Martian orbit.
减速进入火星轨道

579
00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:32,840
Initially, our task was 
to increase the velocity.
最初，我们的任务是提高速度

580
00:32:33,040 --> 00:32:34,920
But on September 24th
但是在9月24日

581
00:32:35,400 --> 00:32:37,600
our task was 
to reduce that velocity
我们的任务是减速

582
00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:39,360
at the right time so that
在准确的时间

583
00:32:39,440 --> 00:32:43,440
instead of flying through
 the planetary system
而不会飞出火星范围

584
00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:46,320
it will be properly captured
 around Mars.
它将被火星引力捕获

585
00:32:46,440 --> 00:32:49,840
This breaking was done
这次刹车是

586
00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:52,160
by turning the spacecraft
把探测器掉转方向

587
00:32:52,400 --> 00:32:55,680
and then firing the liquid engine
 in the opposite direction.
反向启动液体火箭发动机

588
00:32:59,760 --> 00:33:02,840
Several Mars missions 
have failed at this stage.
有些火星任务就是在这一步失败的

589
00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:05,920
If the velocity is
 not adjusted accurately
如果速度不能准确调整

590
00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:08,880
Mangalyaan could crash 
into Mars' surface
“曼加里安”可能撞到火星上

591
00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:11,760
or fail to enter 
into its intended orbit
或者飞出火星引力之外

592
00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:15,040
and wander off aimlessly 
into space.
进入太空去游荡


593
00:33:21,360 --> 00:33:23,240
2 days before D-Day
D-Day前2天

594
00:33:23,320 --> 00:33:25,080
or Mars Orbit Insertion
或者说进入火星轨道之前

595
00:33:25,520 --> 00:33:28,600
the decision is taken to test 
if the engine would come on.
决定对发动机进行点火测试

596
00:33:34,040 --> 00:33:37,360
Mangalyaan's engine fired up 
without a hitch.
“曼加里安”的发动机点火非常顺畅

597
00:33:37,480 --> 00:33:39,840
Well done.
干得好

598
00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:42,520
For the last trajectory 
correction manoeuvre
最后一次轨道修正

599
00:33:42,680 --> 00:33:45,440
which happened 41 hours 
before the MOI.
在进入火星轨道的41小时之前

600
00:33:45,760 --> 00:33:48,720
So, it was decided to use 
the main lam engine.
要用主发动机

601
00:33:48,920 --> 00:33:52,120
And that day, the engine 
performed flawlessly
那天，发动机丝毫不差

602
00:33:52,280 --> 00:33:55,560
for 4 seconds and we could
get exactly what we wanted.
按照我们想要的那样工作了4秒

603
00:33:57,680 --> 00:34:00,080
Scientists 
were temporarily relieved
科学家暂时轻松了

604
00:34:00,240 --> 00:34:02,760
but the real challenge 
was looming ahead.
但后面还有更严峻的挑战

605
00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:10,320
News comes in that 
America's Mars Orbiter, MAVEN
有消息说美国的火星轨道器“马文”

606
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:13,680
has successfully entered 
into the Martian orbit.
已成功进入火星轨道

607
00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:19,840
Will India be able to do
 the same with Mangalyaan?
印度的“曼加里安”能做到吗？

608
00:34:21,480 --> 00:34:24,760
Insertion of Mars satellite 
into the orbit
火星卫星插入轨道

609
00:34:25,080 --> 00:34:26,680
you have only one opportunity
你只有一次机会

610
00:34:26,720 --> 00:34:28,240
so you can not fail.
不能失败

611
00:34:28,280 --> 00:34:31,480
There is no correction possible
 for you simply because
简单来说，没有更正的机会

612
00:34:31,520 --> 00:34:33,000
you do not have enough fuel.
因为你没有足够的燃料

613
00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:35,640
See, most of the other missions
 which have been done
看，大部分已经完成的其他任务中

614
00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:38,840
they carry with them 
so much more fuel
带了足够的燃料

615
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:41,640
that even if some problem occurs,
an error occurs
即使出现问题，出现错误

616
00:34:41,880 --> 00:34:44,440
there is enough opportunity
 for you to recover
也有足够的机会让你调整

617
00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:46,120
and then make it happen.
并完成任务

618
00:34:48,520 --> 00:34:50,840
Scientists 
had many hurdles ahead.
科学家面对很多障碍

619
00:34:50,880 --> 00:34:53,360
What makes this moment 
even more difficult
让这一刻更困难的是

620
00:34:53,520 --> 00:34:56,320
is that while Mangalyaan 
enters the Martian orbit
“曼加里安”进入火星轨道的时候

621
00:34:56,480 --> 00:34:58,560
it will go behind the Red Planet
它将被火星挡住

622
00:34:58,720 --> 00:35:02,560
thus cutting off communication 
with Earth and the mission team.
切断了与地球和任务团队的联系

623
00:35:05,040 --> 00:35:08,080
This means Mangalyaan 
has to function on auto mode.
“曼加里安”必须在自动模式下工作

624
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:10,200
Command Systems..
所带的系统

625
00:35:12,040 --> 00:35:13,960
Commands have been fed in advance
命令已预先发出

626
00:35:14,240 --> 00:35:15,720
but there was a catch.
但还有一个难点

627
00:35:17,840 --> 00:35:20,640
Mangalyaan's intelligent system,
or its brain
“曼加里安”的系统，或者说大脑

628
00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:22,840
is powered by its solar panels.
是由太阳能电池驱动的

629
00:35:23,560 --> 00:35:25,160
But at the point of insertion
但在进入轨道的时候

630
00:35:25,360 --> 00:35:28,520
sunlight to Mangalyaan 
will be blocked off by Mars
“曼加里安”的阳光被火星挡住了

631
00:35:28,760 --> 00:35:30,760
so it will not get 
adequate power.
所以没有足够的功率

632
00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:34,840
The amount of power 
the satellite requires
卫星需要功率的大小

633
00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:38,840
for all its systems to function 
is about 800 watts.
所有系统正常工作所需约800瓦

634
00:35:39,120 --> 00:35:41,560
That is equivalent 
to 8 x 100-watt bulb.
相当于8个100瓦灯泡

635
00:35:41,640 --> 00:35:44,560
So, with that minimal power 
even the satellite can function.
所以，需要保证功率，让卫星保持工作

636
00:35:44,880 --> 00:35:48,120
So, the solar energy
 that Mars receives is much less.
而火星所接收的太阳能要少得多

637
00:35:48,360 --> 00:35:51,120
So, it varies in the region
 of 40% to 60%
各个地方的情况各不相同，大约40%到60%

638
00:35:51,440 --> 00:35:54,480
of what one would receive 
on Earth.
相比于地球接收的强度

639
00:35:56,760 --> 00:35:59,640
Mangalyaan's design 
did take this into account.
“曼加里安”的设计确实考虑到了这一点

640
00:36:00,240 --> 00:36:02,480
It has a backup 
lithium-ion battery.
它有备用的锂电池

641
00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:05,520
So, in effect, Mangalyaan 
would enter Mars orbit
因此，事实上，“曼加里安”进入火星轨道

642
00:36:05,600 --> 00:36:08,440
on its own, powered by a battery.
完全自主，电池供电

643
00:36:18,760 --> 00:36:20,840
The satellite 
is going behind Mars
卫星被火星挡住

644
00:36:20,920 --> 00:36:23,200
so it will get into
 what you can say
你可以说它进入了

645
00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:25,040
line of sight nonvisibility.
视线不可见区域

646
00:36:25,360 --> 00:36:27,320
Then, it was also going 
into eclipse
然后，它的太阳光也被火星挡住

647
00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:30,080
because the power generation 
on the satellite was going down.
火星探测器的发电能力没了

648
00:36:30,320 --> 00:36:32,680
So, all those things
 were almost like a negative.
这些都是负面的影响因素

649
00:36:32,960 --> 00:36:35,200
So, you don't have access 
after 4 minutes
所以，4分钟后还没有进入轨道


650
00:36:35,240 --> 00:36:36,760
and you don't have visibility.
就再也没希望了

651
00:36:36,840 --> 00:36:40,440
So, I kept telling,
"Prepare for the worst"
我一直说：“做最坏的准备”

652
00:36:40,560 --> 00:36:41,680
"hope for the best."
“抱最大的希望”

653
00:36:41,880 --> 00:36:43,680
That is the motto we can say.
这是我们的座右铭

654
00:36:54,360 --> 00:36:57,280
September 24th, 2014.
2014年9月24日

655
00:36:58,120 --> 00:37:00,240
A calm morning in Bengaluru
班加罗尔的早晨平静如常

656
00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:03,760
belies the fact
掩盖了

657
00:37:04,120 --> 00:37:06,720
this is the moment of truth
背后的紧张刺激

658
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:09,720
for one of India's
 most daring missions.
印度最冒险的任务

659
00:37:14,320 --> 00:37:16,760
Its first interplanetary journey
第一个星际任务

660
00:37:17,240 --> 00:37:18,320
to Mars.
赶往火星

661
00:37:23,080 --> 00:37:24,440
In the Mission Control Room
在任务控制室里

662
00:37:24,720 --> 00:37:26,440
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
印度总理Narendra Modi

663
00:37:26,520 --> 00:37:30,080
is intently watching 
history unfold before his eyes.
正在全神贯注地守望着历史的时刻

664
00:37:31,080 --> 00:37:34,320
India's Space Research 
Organisation's top bosses
印度的空间研究组织的高层领导

665
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:37,480
K.Radhakrishnan 
and A.S.Kiran Kumar
K.Radhakrishnan和A.S.Kiran Kumar

666
00:37:37,760 --> 00:37:40,000
calmly monitor the progress 
of the mission.
冷静地监控着任务的进展

667
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:49,320
We had to do a lot 
of new developments.
我们必须做很多新的设计

668
00:37:49,880 --> 00:37:52,400
We had to go through 
detail testing.
我们必须做很多详细测试

669
00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:56,280
The team did that 
what was considered impossible
团队做到了被认为是不可能的任务

670
00:37:56,520 --> 00:37:59,520
basically, the unleashing 
of the energy of this team.
就是把团队的能量释放出来

671
00:37:59,560 --> 00:38:03,200
And the team evolved
 as they went ahead.
不断前进的过程中团队也得到发展

672
00:38:03,240 --> 00:38:06,560
Upto September 24th,
it was a great phase of learning.
截至9月24日，这是一次很好的磨炼

673
00:38:06,760 --> 00:38:08,600
And you would have seen 
in the Mission Control Centre
在任务控制中心你会看到

674
00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:11,880
that day,
the bubbling youth
那天，闪光的年轻人

675
00:38:12,120 --> 00:38:14,440
and the experienced elders
有经验的长者

676
00:38:14,680 --> 00:38:18,160
all coming together 
around this great mission.
围绕着这次伟大的任务所有人走到一起

677
00:38:22,040 --> 00:38:24,040
The plan of action is triggered.
操作计划启动

678
00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:28,960
Mangalyaan 
reorients to slow down.
“曼加里安”调整方向来减速

679
00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:37,440
5 minutes before ignition
点火前5分钟

680
00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:40,040
Mangalyaan passes
 into the Martian shadow
“曼加里安”进入了火星的阴影

681
00:38:40,080 --> 00:38:41,400
entering an eclipse.
遮住了光

682
00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:46,600
The solar panels do not generate enough power
太阳能电池板没有足够的能量

683
00:38:46,720 --> 00:38:49,360
as Mars obstructs sunlight 
to the Orbiter.
火星挡住了环绕器的阳光

684
00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:53,040
So, Mangalyaan switches 
to its lithium-ion battery.
“曼加里安”切换成了锂电池

685
00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:57,000
At this point,
Mangalyaan is still
在这一点，“曼加里安”仍然

686
00:38:57,040 --> 00:38:58,480
in line of sight with Earth.
在地球的视线之内

687
00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:04,280
The engine fires up,
but 4 minutes later
发动机点火，但是4分钟之后

688
00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:06,680
Mangalyaan goes behind Mars
“曼加里安”跑到火星后面

689
00:39:08,040 --> 00:39:10,920
cutting off all communication 
with the mission team.
切断了和任务团队的所有通信

690
00:39:14,840 --> 00:39:18,920
It will be over 25 minutes 
before a signal is received.
25分钟后才能接到下一条信息

691
00:39:24,160 --> 00:39:27,360
There is pin-drop silence 
in the Mission Control Room.
在任务控制室里安静异常，针落有声

692
00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:32,840
Without the signal
 from Mangalyaan
没有来自“曼加里安”的信号

693
00:39:32,880 --> 00:39:35,080
teams could only hope 
that their spacecraft
团队成员只能寄希望于他们的探测器

694
00:39:35,120 --> 00:39:37,080
was behaving well and as planned.
能按照原计划良好表现

695
00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:40,480
It seems like the longest wait.
漫长的等待

696
00:39:44,360 --> 00:39:47,000
At this time, we had
 no real-time communication
在这个时候，我们没有实时通讯

697
00:39:47,040 --> 00:39:48,360
on what was happening.
正在发生的事情

698
00:39:48,480 --> 00:39:51,080
We had to wait patiently 
for the final result.
必须耐心等待结果

699
00:39:51,440 --> 00:39:53,320
It is like a period 
of measured silence
就像一段固定的静默

700
00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:54,640
in a symphony.
在交响乐之中

701
00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:55,920
Life is like that
生命如此

702
00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:57,880
and space science 
is always like that.
空间探索也是如此

703
00:39:58,160 --> 00:40:02,760
You have to wait for that period
 of almost half an hour
你必须等待差不多半个小时

704
00:40:03,120 --> 00:40:05,720
knowing that, "Okay,
everything is going on fine."
才能知道：好了，一切顺利

705
00:40:05,960 --> 00:40:07,680
Or, "Is it going on fine?"
或者：它还好吗？

706
00:40:07,720 --> 00:40:10,840
Will you get back the satellite?
This thing..
能收到来自卫星的信号吗？就是这样的

707
00:40:10,880 --> 00:40:13,000
So, that is the apprehension 
at that time.
所以，这就是当时提心吊胆

708
00:40:15,360 --> 00:40:17,040
At this critical juncture
在最关键的时刻

709
00:40:17,320 --> 00:40:19,880
NASA's ground stations 
in Goldstone, California
NASA的测控站，在Goldstone, California

710
00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:23,680
and Canberra, Australia 
are intently tracking Mangalyaan.
和Canberra, Australia一直盯着“曼加里安”的动静

711
00:40:24,280 --> 00:40:27,040
They would be the first to 
receive confirmation of success
它们将第一个收到成功的信号

712
00:40:27,080 --> 00:40:28,320
of this mission.
这个任务

713
00:40:49,160 --> 00:40:52,320
The first message from Mangalyaan
 comes in.
“曼加里安”的第一个信号来了

714
00:40:56,080 --> 00:40:58,920
It has successfully entered 
Mars orbit.
它成功进入了火星轨道

715
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:00,760
Scientists are jubilant.
科学家们欢呼雀跃

716
00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:04,280
Prime Minister Modi 
cannot help display his elation.
莫迪总理兴高采烈，喜气洋洋

717
00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:08,520
This is a landmark moment 
in India's space program.
在印度的太空计划中里程碑式的时刻

718
00:41:16,320 --> 00:41:19,960
History has been created today.
创造了历史

719
00:41:21,040 --> 00:41:24,240
We have dared to reach out
我们勇于探索

720
00:41:25,080 --> 00:41:28,400
into the unknown
 and have achieved
未知世界，并且实现了

721
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:31,480
the near impossible.
不可能的任务

722
00:41:33,040 --> 00:41:35,040
I congratulate
我祝贺

723
00:41:35,440 --> 00:41:37,600
all ISRO scientists
所有ISRO的科学家

724
00:41:38,080 --> 00:41:41,760
as well as all my fellow Indians
以及所有的印度人民

725
00:41:42,760 --> 00:41:44,960
on this historic occasion.
在这个历史性的时刻

726
00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:47,600
On that day, September 24th
在9月24日那天

727
00:41:47,640 --> 00:41:50,680
the children from the schools,
they came early morning
学校的孩子们，他们一大早就来了

728
00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:52,600
and they watched this thing.
观看了整个过程

729
00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:54,480
And we can see that response.
我们可以看到这种效果

730
00:41:54,600 --> 00:41:59,280
The greatest benefit that we got
 from this mission in my view
这次任务在我看来，我们得到的最大好处

731
00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:02,640
is kindling those young minds
点燃了那些年轻人的激情

732
00:42:02,760 --> 00:42:04,400
to get into science
探索科学领域

733
00:42:04,680 --> 00:42:07,200
to give a feeling 
that India can do
给人一种信心印度可以做到

734
00:42:07,360 --> 00:42:09,760
what people think impossible.
很多人认为不可能的事情

735
00:42:12,080 --> 00:42:16,040
As Mangalyaan cruises around Mars 
in a highly elliptical orbit
当“曼加里安”在火星的椭圆轨道上巡游时

736
00:42:16,320 --> 00:42:19,560
it cant wait to show off 
its cool camera onboard.
它迫不及待地想炫耀自带的照相机

737
00:42:19,720 --> 00:42:22,880
Rare and exciting photographs 
start pouring in.
珍稀的照片开始大量发回来

738
00:42:23,080 --> 00:42:25,360
A full disc picture of Mars.
火星图片装满了硬盘

739
00:42:25,600 --> 00:42:28,960
Volcanoes.
Large canyon ranges.
火山、大峡谷

740
00:42:29,880 --> 00:42:31,280
Water vapour clouds.
水蒸气的云雾

741
00:42:32,400 --> 00:42:35,880
Phobos, one of the two 
natural moons of Mars.
Phobos,火星的两颗卫星之一

742
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:39,840
Spacecrafts 
like NASA's Curiosity rover
NASA的好奇号探测器

743
00:42:39,880 --> 00:42:43,440
that are already stationed
 around Mars welcome Mangalyaan.
早已经在火星欢迎“曼加里安”的到来

744
00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:47,520
Curiosity's Twitter handle posts
好奇号的Twitter发出：

745
00:42:47,560 --> 00:42:48,520
"Namaste."
致礼

746
00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:53,520
And Mangalyaan replies, "Howdy."
“曼加里安”回复：你好

747
00:42:56,600 --> 00:42:59,000
The MAVEN team congratulates ISRO
“马文”团队向ISRO表示祝贺

748
00:42:59,200 --> 00:43:00,720
for its Mars arrival.
到达了火星

749
00:43:00,880 --> 00:43:03,360
India's Orbiter 
joins the missions
印度的环绕器开始任务

750
00:43:03,520 --> 00:43:05,400
studying the Red Planet.
研究红色星球

751
00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:09,320
The Indian space agency
is now the 4th in the world
印度航天局现在是世界第四位

752
00:43:09,480 --> 00:43:11,840
to successfully send 
a mission to Mars
成功实施了火星任务

753
00:43:12,320 --> 00:43:15,840
and the first ever to do this
 in its maiden attempt.
而且是第一个，首次发射就成功

754
00:43:17,040 --> 00:43:19,520
The international community 
recognised this mission
国际社会承认这一任务

755
00:43:19,920 --> 00:43:22,640
as a unique one,
for the simple reason
是罕见的，因为

756
00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:24,520
it was done in a short time.
任务在短时间内实施

757
00:43:25,320 --> 00:43:29,000
It was also done 
at a small budget.
而且用了很少的预算

758
00:43:29,240 --> 00:43:32,040
Whenever next there is
 a big interplanetary mission
现在再要实施星际任务

759
00:43:33,320 --> 00:43:35,480
the world can't ignore India now.
世界不可能忽略印度了

760
00:43:35,720 --> 00:43:37,920
India would be a party to it.
印度已成为其中一员

761
00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:40,120
So, that's the big gain
所以这是一个很大的收获

762
00:43:40,160 --> 00:43:42,720
out of the Mangalyaan mission.
因为“曼加里安”任务

763
00:43:42,840 --> 00:43:45,560
Our primary objective 
will continue to be
我们的首要目标将继续

764
00:43:45,960 --> 00:43:48,240
how we can bring in 
this space technology
怎样发挥空间科技的力量

765
00:43:48,280 --> 00:43:49,720
for the benefit of the country.
让整个国家受益

766
00:43:52,320 --> 00:43:54,080
At the time of making this film
在制作这部影片期间

767
00:43:54,280 --> 00:43:55,640
Mangalyaan had completed
“曼加里安”已经

768
00:43:55,720 --> 00:43:58,240
over 100 orbits around Mars.
环绕火星100圈

769
00:43:58,680 --> 00:44:01,440
It continues 
to send back precious data.
它继续送回珍贵的数据

770
00:44:04,200 --> 00:44:08,000
The Red Planet doesn't seem
 so far after all.


这颗红色的星球似乎不再遥远

771
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:11,000
字幕组：@火星学会 @MarsSociety